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PRIMARY SOURCES
& CLASSROOM MATERIALS

When choosing primary sources for your teaching unit, consider these questions*

 

Are they readable and accessible to all students?

Can you provide adequate context so students can decode the source?

Are they age or grade appropriate?

Whose perspective is represented?

Whose perspective is left out?

Mali | Islam | Trade

Catalán Atlas

Created by Abraham Cresques in 1375, this map shows parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa through the eyes of a Jewish, Spanish cartographer.

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Mali | Islam

Djinguereber Mosque

Built in 1327, this mosque in Timbuktu highlights the importance of Islam in West Africa as well as the importance of TImbuktu as a center of education.

djingareyber mosque.jpeg

Songhai | Islam | Trade

Leo Africanus's Description of Africa

In the early 16th century, author and traveler Leo Africanus traveled to North and West Africa and wrote about what he witnessed in the empire of Songhai.

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Benin | Europe | Trade

Salt-cellar from the Kingdom of Benin

This object was carved from elephant ivory in present-day Nigeria and depicts Portuguese sailors.

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Mali | Islam

Travels of Ibn Battuta (Rihla)

Written in the mid-14th century, this text includes excerpts of Ibn Battuta's Rihla about his travels into Mali.

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Mali | Art

Djenné Equestrian Terracotta Figure

This sculpture was created in Djenné between the 13th and 15th centuries and showcases the technical and artistic skills of the Malian sculptures.

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Ghana | Trade

Gold Scale

Gold and salt were two of the most popular commodities traded along the trans-Saharan trade routes. Scales like these were crucial to the economies of West Africa.

gold scale.jpeg

Mali | Islam | Education

Manuscripts of Timbuktu

These manuscripts showcase the knowledge of the Malian people on topics such as math, science, history, ethics, and astronomy.

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Mali | Oral Tradition

Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali

D.T. Niane shares the story of Sundiata Keita, the "Lion King" of Mali.

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Ghana | Religion | Trade

Writings of al-Bakri

This source describes the kingdom of Ghana from the perspective of a Spanish historian.

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These questions are adapted from two sources:

Musbach, Joan W. "Using Primary Sources in the Secondary Classroom." OAH Magazine of History 16 no. 1 (Fall 2001): 30-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163484

Hagen, Tona. "Historical Digital Literacy, One Classroom at a Time." The Journal of American History 101 no. 4 (March 2015): 1192-1203. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44285279

TeachMedievalAfrica

© 2022 by Elizabeth Stenger Balbin

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About:

This website is Elizabeth Stenger Balbin's Master's degree capstone project for the Department of History at California State University, East Bay. Completed April 2022

Links to outside sites last checked:

January 24, 2024

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